𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 1

𐐌𐑋 𐐮𐑌 𐐟𐐲𐐿𐐪𐑀𐐬 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 2007. 𐐐𐐨𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐑌𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑃𐐫𐐻𐑅 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐑋𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 1.

𐐣𐐰𐐿𐑅 𐐣𐐫𐑉

𐐣𐐰𐐿𐑅 𐐣𐐫𐑉 𐑅𐐹𐐬𐐿 𐐪𐑌 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑅-𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑋𐐲𐐽 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑅-𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐻 𐐺𐐮𐑆𐑌𐐲𐑅. 𐐣𐐯𐐼𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑆 𐑀𐐯𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐺𐐯𐐻𐐲𐑉, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐬𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐑁𐐬𐐿𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐐪𐑌 𐐺𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑆. 𐐤𐐪𐐻 𐐫𐑊 𐑀𐑉𐐭𐐹𐑅 𐐹𐑊𐐩𐑅 𐑂𐐰𐑊𐐷𐐭 𐐪𐑌 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑆.

𐐝𐐲𐑋 𐐪𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐑌-𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊. 𐐗𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐑀𐐳𐐼 𐐴𐐼𐐨𐐲. 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆-𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐆𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐑆 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐯𐑌𐑊𐐴𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑃𐐫𐐻.

𐐆𐐻 𐐮𐑆 𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐻 𐐪𐑌 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐶𐐯𐑅𐐽𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑃𐐫𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆. 𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑂𐐷𐐭𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐼𐑆. 𐐎𐐲𐐻 𐐮𐑆 𐐹𐐬𐑅𐐻𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌? 𐐎𐐨 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑌𐐬.

𐐎𐐨𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑅𐐨𐑉𐑆 𐐫𐑉 𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐿𐑅. 𐐎𐐨 𐐿𐐶𐐯𐑅𐐽𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐨𐑁𐑅. 𐐂𐑉 𐐶𐐨 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋? 𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐲𐐹𐐨𐑊𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐨𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋𐑆.

𐐇𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐑉𐐨𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅 𐑅𐐭𐐹𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑉 𐑉𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑊𐐻𐑅. 𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑌𐐬 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅. 𐐤𐐬 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐻𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐫𐑉 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐭𐐹𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑉 𐑉𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑊𐐻𐑅. 𐐎𐐲𐑌 𐑋𐐩 𐐺𐐨 𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐾𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊 𐐰𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐻𐑅, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 multidisciplinary 𐐸𐐬𐑊.

𐐣𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐑉𐐫𐑍 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐑄𐐩 𐐪𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐰𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾 𐐺𐑉𐐫𐐼𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌𐐲𐑁, 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑉-𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐼𐑆. 𐐝𐐲𐑋 𐑅𐐩 𐐫𐑊 𐑄𐐲 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋 𐑀𐑊𐐬𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐶𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐿𐐶𐐯𐑅𐐽𐐲𐑌𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐐𐐶𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑉, 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐼𐐭 𐐿𐐶𐐯𐑅𐐽𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐶𐐯𐑊-𐑌𐐬𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐑂𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐩𐐻 𐐺𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅.

𐐐𐐭 𐐪𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅? 𐐎𐐲𐐻 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐶𐐨 𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐻? 𐐜𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑌𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐲𐑊𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐻. 𐐝𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐑋𐐯𐑃𐐲𐐼𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐐼𐐮𐐹𐐯𐑌𐐼 𐐪𐑌 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐑅𐐨𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑁𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑂.

𐐎𐐯𐑌 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐹𐑊𐐯𐐿𐑅, 𐐲𐐹𐐨𐑊𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐯𐑌𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐑊𐐯𐑅 𐐮𐑁𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑂. 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐫𐑊 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐐩𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨𐐿 𐐴𐐼𐐨𐐲𐑆 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉. 𐐡𐐭𐑊-𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐻 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑆 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐐺𐐯𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅. 𐐆𐑁 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐐶𐐯𐑊-𐑌𐐬𐑌 𐑉𐐨𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑇𐐮𐐹𐑅, 𐑋𐐰𐑃𐐲𐑋𐐰𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑋𐐪𐐼𐐲𐑊𐑆 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐸𐐯𐑊𐐹.

𐐇𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐰𐐹𐐲𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐸𐐯𐑊𐐹, 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑁𐐬𐐿𐐲𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐑌𐐮𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐐼𐐩𐐻𐐲 𐐹𐐵𐑌𐐻𐑅. 𐐗𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐸𐐯𐑊𐐹𐑅 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂 𐐰𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨. 𐐜𐐲 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐿𐐰𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑌𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐲𐑊𐑆 𐐶𐐯𐐺 𐑅𐐴𐐻 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐿𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐸𐐶 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐲𐑊𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐑂𐐯𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑅 𐑋𐐯𐑃𐐲𐐼𐑆.

𐐡𐐪𐑌 𐐒𐐩𐑊𐐨

𐐡𐐪𐑌 𐐒𐐩𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐹𐐬𐐿 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐲 𐐹𐐬𐑅𐐻-𐑅𐐿𐐯𐑉𐑅𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐮𐐿𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨. 𐐎𐐮𐑊 𐐮𐐻 𐐺𐐨 𐑋𐐶𐑌𐐻 𐐬𐑊𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑅, 𐑄𐐲 𐐺𐐫𐑉𐑀 𐐫𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐯𐑊𐑅? 𐐗𐐪𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐶𐐯𐑊𐑃 𐐲𐑂 𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐮𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐻𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑋𐐴𐑌𐐼𐑆. 𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐐫𐑊𐐶𐐩𐑆 𐐺𐐨 scarcities 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐐻 𐐫𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉.

𐐓𐐴𐑋 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐐺𐐨 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐑉𐑅. 𐐇𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐪𐑋𐐮𐐿𐑅 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐼𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐿𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐑉𐑅 𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐮𐑆. 𐐡𐐨𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑇𐐮𐐹𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐲𐑆𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐑉𐑅. 𐐝𐐲𐑋 𐐪𐑉𐑀𐐷𐐭 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐹𐐪𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐑌𐐰𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐐻𐐩𐐻.

𐐖𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐹𐐨 𐐹𐐲𐑉 𐐿𐐰𐐹𐐮𐐻𐐲 𐐲𐐹𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐐰𐐿𐑅𐐯𐑊𐐲𐑉𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑍. 𐐝𐐲𐑋𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐰𐐹𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐼𐐳𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐐯𐑌𐑊𐐴𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻. 𐐗𐐰𐐹𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋, 𐐼𐐮𐑋𐐪𐐿𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐭𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐑊𐐫, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑊𐐮𐐺𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐐴𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐫𐑊 𐐮𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐾𐐼. 𐐢𐐴𐑁 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐑅𐐮𐑌𐑅 1900.

𐐎𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐬𐐻 𐑉𐐨𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑇𐐮𐐹𐑅. 𐐝𐐻𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑅 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂𐐼 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐯𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑆. 𐐄𐑊𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐐪𐐹𐑇𐐲𐑌: 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐾𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊 𐐴𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐻𐐨. 𐐒𐐫𐑉𐑀 𐐪𐐹𐑇𐐲𐑌: 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑃𐐶𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐾𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊 𐐴𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐻𐐨.

𐐆𐑆 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐲 𐐿𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐲𐑂 𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐑂𐐨𐐲𐑌? 𐐔𐐲𐑆 𐐮𐐻 𐑉𐐨𐑋𐐭𐑂 𐐼𐐮𐑆𐐴𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐽𐐨𐑂? 𐐆𐑆 𐐮𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐭𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐫𐑊 𐐨𐑂𐐲𐑊? 𐐜𐐲 𐑀𐑉𐐨𐐿 𐑀𐐪𐐼𐑆 𐐸𐐰𐐼 𐑌𐐬 𐑁𐐮𐑆𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑌𐐨𐐼𐑆 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐯𐐹𐐻 𐑅𐐰𐐿𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐑋𐐬𐐿.

𐐜𐐩 𐐿𐐳𐐼 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐐾𐐲𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐑉𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐰𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐑋𐐩𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿. 𐐜𐐲 𐐘𐑉𐐨𐐿 𐑀𐐪𐐼𐑆 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐼 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐽𐐭. 𐐔𐐭 𐑄𐐨𐑆 𐐴𐐼𐐨𐐲𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐴𐐼 𐐲 𐐶𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐻 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐭𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨? 𐐆𐐻 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐶𐐩 𐐲𐑂 𐐼𐐨𐑊𐐮𐑍 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐑊𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐨𐑂𐐲𐑊.

𐐜𐐲 𐐘𐑉𐐨𐐿 𐑀𐐪𐐼𐑆 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐑀𐑉𐐯𐑅, 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐮𐑆 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐴𐐼𐐨𐐲𐑆. 𐐜𐐲 𐐒𐐫𐑉𐑀 𐐼𐐭 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐹𐐨𐐻. 𐐜𐐩 𐐪𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐪𐑋𐑌𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐻, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐸𐐴𐑂 𐑋𐐴𐑌𐐼. 𐐜𐐩 𐐪𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐐹𐐨, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑄𐐩 𐐪𐑉 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐽𐐭𐐲𐑅 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐑄𐐯𐑋.

𐐆𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐫𐑉𐑀 𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐐲 𐐒𐐭𐐼𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐩𐑌𐐻? 𐐣𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐲𐐹𐑊𐐬𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐨𐑋𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐐸𐐯𐐼𐐲𐐼 𐐻𐐲𐐶𐐫𐑉𐐼 𐐺𐐫𐑉𐑀-𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐐯𐑀𐑆𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑅. 𐐎𐐴 𐐼𐐭 𐐶𐐨 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐹𐐨𐐻? 𐐖𐐨𐑌𐑆 𐑋𐐩𐐿 𐐲𐑅.

𐐏𐐭 𐑌𐐨𐐼 𐐶𐐯𐑊𐑃 𐐻𐐭 𐑀𐐯𐐻 𐐹𐐶𐐲𐑉, 𐐻𐐭 𐑀𐐯𐐻 𐑅𐐻𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑅, 𐐻𐐭 𐑀𐐯𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐑀𐐲𐑉𐑊𐑆. 𐐔𐐲𐑆 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐼𐑉𐐴𐑂? 𐐙𐐮𐑆𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨: 𐐶𐐴 𐑉𐐨𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅? 𐐝𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐳𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐻𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑅 𐑋𐐩 𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑊 𐑋𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑉

𐐔𐐮𐐾𐐲𐐻𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐰𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨: 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑌𐐲𐐻 𐑉𐐨𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐲𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑉𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑊𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑌 𐑊𐐯𐑅 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑅𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐳𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨? 𐐂𐑉 800,000,000 𐑀𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐿𐑅𐐨𐑆 𐐮𐑌𐐲𐑁 𐐻𐐭 𐑀𐐬 𐐲𐑉𐐶𐑌𐐼?

𐐖𐐲𐑉𐐬𐑋 𐐘𐑊𐐯𐑌

𐐖𐐲𐑉𐐬𐑋 𐐘𐑊𐐯𐑌 𐑅𐐹𐐬𐐿 𐐪𐑌 𐑀𐑊𐐬𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐽𐐰𐑊𐐲𐑌𐐾𐐮𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑅-𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐩𐐾. 𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 1970𐐯𐑅. 𐐤𐐶 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐐸𐐬𐑊 𐑋𐐭𐑂𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻. 𐐝𐐲𐑋 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐶𐐨𐑉 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐴𐐺𐐫𐑉𐑀𐑆.

𐐝𐐲𐑋 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐲 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐴𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐯𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐲𐑌𐐻. 𐐆𐑂𐐯𐑌𐐽𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐑄𐐨𐑆 𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐾. 𐐎𐐯𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐐪𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑍𐑀𐐶𐐮𐑇𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊, 𐐶𐐨𐑊 𐐺𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐐬𐑅𐐻-𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑋𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐩𐐾. 𐐈𐑆 𐐩𐐾𐐲𐑆 𐐫𐑉 𐐮𐑉𐐲𐑆 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑀𐑉𐐯𐑅𐐻, 𐐶𐐨𐑂 𐑋𐐭𐑂𐐼 𐐻𐐲𐐶𐐫𐑉𐐼 𐑊𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐲𐐾 𐐮𐑌 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐼𐐲𐐿𐐻𐑅, 𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐾𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊 𐐹𐐶𐐲𐑉, 𐐶𐐯𐑊𐑃 𐐮𐑌 𐐺𐐨𐐮𐑍, 𐑋𐐬𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐹𐑊𐐩𐑅, 𐐶𐐫𐑉 𐐬𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐐴𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐻𐐨, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐻𐐴𐑋.

𐐜𐐲 𐐣𐐲𐑊𐐯𐑌𐐨𐐲𐑋 𐐑𐑉𐐪𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐑌𐐭 𐐿𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐲𐑂 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐻𐐰𐑍𐐿. 𐐆𐐻 𐐮𐑆 𐑀𐑊𐐬𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐆𐐻 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑇𐐩𐐹𐐻 𐐺𐐴 𐐷𐐭𐑌𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆, 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆, 𐑀𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐇𐑍𐑀𐐬𐑆. 𐐤𐐬𐐼𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐻𐐰𐑍𐐿 𐐪𐑉 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼𐐶𐐴𐐼 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐑂𐐷𐐭𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐑅𐐴𐐻𐑅.

𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 15 𐑀𐑊𐐬𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐽𐐰𐑊𐐲𐑌𐐾𐐮𐑆. 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐑅𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐩𐑌𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐼𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑊𐐲𐐹𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐺𐐨 𐐲𐐽𐐨𐑂𐐼? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐑂𐑉𐐨𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐑅𐐲𐑁𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐿𐑊𐐨𐑌 𐐶𐐫𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐮𐑃𐐶𐐻 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐮𐐿𐐻? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐹𐐪𐐹𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑀𐑉𐐬𐑃 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐮𐑆 𐐺𐐨 𐐺𐑉𐐫𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐰𐑊𐐲𐑌𐑅?

𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐷𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐼𐐮𐑋𐐪𐐿𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨𐑆 𐑉𐐨𐐹𐑊𐐩𐑅 𐐲𐑃𐐫𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐯𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐑉𐐲𐑈𐐨𐑋𐑆? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐹𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑅𐐨𐑋𐐩𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐺𐐨 𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐑅𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐻𐐭 𐑊𐐫𐑍-𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑋 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑂𐑆? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐬 𐐻𐐯𐐿 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐷𐐭𐑌𐐲𐐿𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐾𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐯𐑂𐑉𐐨𐐶𐐲𐑌? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐑃𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑋𐐪𐑉𐐿𐐲𐐻𐑅 𐐺𐐨 𐐯𐑌𐐿𐐲𐑉𐐮𐐾𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅 𐑀𐐰𐐹 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐑉𐐮𐐽 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐭𐑉?

𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑃𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑌𐐭 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑉𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐐼𐐮𐑆𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐐺𐐨 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐻? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐿𐐲𐐹𐐰𐑅𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐴𐐼 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂 𐐰𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑌𐐩𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐻𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐑇𐐯𐑉𐐼 𐑂𐐰𐑊𐐷𐐭𐑆 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅 𐐯𐑃𐑌𐐮𐐿 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐮𐐿𐐻𐑅? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐻𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐮𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌?

𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑅𐑌𐐰𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑊 𐐫𐑉𐑀𐐲𐑌𐐴𐑆𐐼 𐐿𐑉𐐴𐑋 𐐺𐐨 𐑅𐐻𐐪𐐹𐐻 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐐹𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑁𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑁𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐩𐐻𐐮𐐼? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐑀𐑉𐐬𐐮𐑍 𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐾𐐨 𐐼𐐮𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐐺𐐨 𐑋𐐯𐐻 𐑅𐐩𐑁𐑊𐐨? 𐐐𐐶 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐰𐐿𐑅𐐯𐑊𐐲𐑉𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐯𐐿 𐐺𐐨 𐐷𐐭𐑆𐐼 𐑅𐐩𐑁𐑊𐐨?

𐐣𐐫𐑉 𐐤𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 2007

𐐆𐑁 𐐷𐐭 𐐯𐑌𐐾𐐵𐐼 𐑋𐐴 𐑌𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 2007, 𐐷𐐭 𐑋𐐴𐐻 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐯𐑌𐐾𐐵 𐑋𐐴 𐑌𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑅𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆. 𐐐𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐐲 𐑊𐐮𐑅𐐻, 𐐮𐑌 𐐿𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐫𐑉𐐼𐐲𐑉, 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 2007 𐑅𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐌𐑂 𐐹𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐑇𐐻 𐑌𐐬𐐻𐑅:

• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐐭𐑆𐐼𐐨 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 1
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐐭𐑆𐐼𐐨 𐐗𐐨𐑌𐐬𐐻 𐐃𐐺𐑉𐐨 𐐼𐐨 𐐘𐑉𐐩
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐐭𐑆𐐼𐐨 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 2
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐐭𐑆𐐼𐐨 𐐈𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐭𐑌 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 2
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐎𐐯𐑌𐑆𐐼𐐨 𐐗𐐨𐑌𐐬𐐻 𐐇𐐼 𐐒𐐯𐑀𐑊𐐨, 𐐖𐐭𐑌𐐷𐐲𐑉.
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐎𐐯𐑌𐑆𐐼𐐨 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 2
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 1
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐗𐐨𐑌𐐬𐐻 𐐑𐐨𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐐔𐐴𐐲𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑅
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐈𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐭𐑌 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 1
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐈𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐭𐑌 𐐝𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌 2
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐗𐐨𐑌𐐬𐐻 𐐎𐐮𐑊𐐷𐐲𐑋 𐐟𐐰𐐻𐑌𐐲𐑉
• 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐼𐐩 𐐗𐐨𐑌𐐬𐐻 𐐡𐐩 𐐗𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐶𐐴𐑊