𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐣𐐴𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐆𐑆 𐐝𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐣𐐴𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐐺𐐴𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑅𐐻, 𐐲 𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑁-𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐿𐑉𐐴𐐺𐐼 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐮𐐿, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐲𐐹𐐯𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑌 𐐰𐑌𐐻𐐨-𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑅 𐑆𐐯𐑊𐐲𐐻. 𐐐𐐨 𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐿𐐪𐐻 𐑋𐐴 𐐲𐐻𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐸𐐨 𐑅𐐹𐐬𐐿 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐲 Skeptech 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐈𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐑀𐑉𐐩𐑅𐐮𐑍 𐑋𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑅𐐲𐑋 “𐐿𐐴𐑌𐐼” 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐰𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐓𐐶𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑉, 𐐸𐐨 𐐹𐐬𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐲 𐑂𐐮𐐼𐐨𐐬 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐐𐐨𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐿𐐶𐐮𐐿 𐐪𐐺𐑆𐐲𐑉𐑂𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑃𐐫𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐌 𐑉𐐬𐐻 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐐶𐐪𐐽𐐮𐑍.

𐐜𐐲 𐐺𐐮𐑀𐐮𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑂 PZ’s 𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐲𐐾𐐯𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐼𐐩𐐻𐐮𐐼. 𐐐𐐨 𐑉𐐯𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐇𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐹𐐨 𐐆𐑌𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐻𐐭𐐻 (𐐿𐑊𐐬𐑆𐐼 𐑅𐐮𐑌𐑅 2006) 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐎𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐊𐑅𐐬𐑅𐐨𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 (𐑉𐐨𐑌𐐩𐑋𐐼 𐐐𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨+ 𐑅𐐮𐑌𐑅 2008). 𐐐𐐨 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐹𐑊𐐩𐑆 𐐲 𐑊𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑅𐐴𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐑁𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐫𐑃𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐰𐐼𐑉𐐯𐑅 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐑊𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐬𐑋𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐑌𐐬𐐻𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊, 𐐕𐐪𐑉𐑊𐑆 Stross, 𐐸𐐭 𐐫𐑃𐐲𐑉𐐼 Accelerando 𐐮𐑌 2006. 𐐐𐐨 𐑋𐐩 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐴𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐼 𐐰𐑌 𐐬𐑊𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐻 𐐪𐑌 𐐲 𐐿𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐨 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐲 𐐼𐐯𐐿𐐩𐐼 𐐲𐑀𐐬.

𐐤𐐪𐑌-𐐢𐐮𐑌𐐨𐐲𐑉 𐐇𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌

𐐐𐐮𐑆 𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐑀𐐬𐑊𐑆 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑋𐐩𐐿 𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐑅𐐯𐑌𐑅. 𐐑𐑉𐐲𐑆𐐭𐑋𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐨𐑆 𐐻𐐫𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐰𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐹𐐬𐑅𐐻𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨. 𐐐𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨𐐼𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑁𐑉𐐩𐑋 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐰𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑋𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐺𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑆 𐐮𐐻, 𐑅𐐩𐐮𐑍: “𐐎𐐮𐑄 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐷𐐭 𐑀𐐯𐐻 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑊𐐮𐑌𐐨𐐲𐑉. 𐐏𐐭 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐻 𐐶𐐲𐐻𐑅 𐑀𐐬𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐐲𐑋 𐑌𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻. 𐐜𐐰𐐻𐑅 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑃𐐮𐑍, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐲 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐨 𐐹𐐲𐐿𐐷𐐭𐑊𐐷𐐲𐑉 𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐯𐑌𐐼𐐫𐑉𐑅.”

𐐜𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐐰𐐻 𐑊𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐑃𐑉𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐑊𐐲𐑋𐑆 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑁𐑉𐐩𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐙𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻, 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑋𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐲𐑅𐐹𐐴𐑉 𐐻𐐭 𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐐪𐑉𐐺𐐲𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐹𐐬𐑅𐐻𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐰𐐼𐑂𐐲𐐿𐐲𐐻 𐐼𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐹𐐪𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐶𐐲𐐻𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐑂𐐰𐑊𐐷𐐭𐑆 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑋 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑋𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐝𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐼, 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐺𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨𐐼 𐑋𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑆 𐐮𐐻 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐪𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐫𐑉𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐨, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐶𐐨 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐮𐑌𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑂𐑆 𐑂𐐬𐑊𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐑅𐐯𐑅. 𐐛𐐲𐑉𐐼, 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐺𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐑅𐐨𐑋𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐮𐑍𐑊𐐨 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑍 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐯𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑊 𐐺𐐴𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅, 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐭𐑋 𐑋𐐩𐐿 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐩𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾 𐐲𐑂 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐴𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐴𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐴𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐴𐐼 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌.

𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊 𐐝𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐹𐐯𐑉𐑆 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊𐑆 𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉. 𐐜𐐲 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐐶𐐨𐐿 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐰𐐻 𐑊𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐐲 𐐿𐐲𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑌𐑆.

𐐙𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻, 𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊𐑆 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐲 𐑃𐐮𐑉𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐑𐑉𐐪𐐺𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐑊𐐬𐑅𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑄𐐩 𐐿𐐩𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾𐐲𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐑌𐐩𐐽𐐲𐑉, 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑊𐐮𐑅𐐲𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑀𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨, 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑃𐑉𐐭 𐐸𐐴𐑊𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑅𐐯𐐹𐐻𐑅. 𐐜𐐲 𐑃𐐮𐑉𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐴𐐼𐑆 𐐲 𐑁𐑉𐐩𐑋𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑋𐐩𐐿𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑌𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐐶𐐨𐐿𐑌𐐲𐑅 𐐮𐑌 PZ’s 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐨𐑂𐐮𐑌 𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌𐐻.

𐐝𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐼, 𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊𐑆 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐫𐑉 𐐨𐑂𐐮𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐨 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑂𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐴𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐰𐑀𐑌𐐲𐐻𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐐶𐐨 𐐫𐑊𐑉𐐯𐐼𐐨 𐐻𐐩𐐿 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑀𐑉𐐰𐑌𐐻𐐲𐐼. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐌 𐐮𐑋𐐰𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐑊𐐬𐑅𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑄𐐩 𐐿𐐩𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑃𐑉𐐭 𐐿𐑉𐐭𐐼 𐐻𐐭𐑊𐑆 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐶𐐫𐑉𐑁𐐯𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑉𐐮𐐽𐐭𐐲𐑊. 𐐎𐐮𐑃𐐶𐐻 𐐲 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐯𐐹𐐽𐐭𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐑉𐐩𐑋𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐺𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾 𐐫𐑉 𐐻𐐭𐑊𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐮𐑌𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾, 𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊𐑆 𐐪𐑉 𐐸𐐪𐑉𐐼𐑊𐐨 𐐷𐐭𐑅𐑁𐐲𐑊 𐐰𐑆 𐐰𐑌 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨.

𐐐𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐿𐑊𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑀𐑌𐐴𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐪𐑀𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐺𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐐨𐐼𐐺𐐰𐐿 𐑊𐐭𐐹𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐼𐐮𐐹𐐯𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑊 𐐿𐐶𐐴𐐻 𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨. 𐐊𐐶𐐯𐑉𐑌𐐲𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐲𐐻𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐼𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐐻 (𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐮𐑉 𐑁𐐰𐐿𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾) 𐐮𐑆 𐐯𐑅𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐭 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋.

𐐌 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐐲𐑀𐑉𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐑀𐐮𐑌𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐿𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐑁𐐶𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊𐑆. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐫𐑊𐐶𐐩𐑆 𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐲𐑁𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐮𐑂𐐪𐑊𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐌 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑅𐐨 𐐸𐐶 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐴𐐼𐑆 𐐷𐐭𐑅𐑁𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐑅𐐴𐐻. 𐐡𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉, 𐐌 𐑅𐐨 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐮𐐻 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐑂𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑀𐑉𐐩𐐻, 𐐰𐑆 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐑁𐐪𐑌𐐼 𐐲𐑂 𐐼𐐭𐐮𐑍.

𐐘𐑉𐐰𐐾𐐭𐐲𐑊 𐐇𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑅𐐯𐑆 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐑁𐐬𐐿𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐐪𐑌 anagenesis 𐐫𐑉 𐑀𐑉𐐰𐐾𐐭𐐲𐑊 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 peripatric 𐐫𐑉 sympatric 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑉𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑊𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑌 𐐲𐐺𐑉𐐲𐐹𐐻 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨 𐑉𐐮𐐹𐐨𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐶𐐨 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑀𐐯𐐻 𐐻𐐭 𐐽𐐭𐑆 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐼𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨𐐼. 𐐜𐐮𐑅 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐑉𐐮𐑂𐐨𐑊𐑆 𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑌 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐲 𐑇𐐰𐑊𐐬 𐑁𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑊𐐷𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋, 𐐶𐐮𐑄𐐮𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐴𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆 (𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐸𐐨 𐐼𐐲𐑆 𐑊𐐩𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐐰𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐮𐐾 𐐶𐐮𐑃𐐶𐐻 𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑀𐑌𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐶 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐶𐐨𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨𐐲𐑉 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋). 𐐝𐐲𐑋 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐴𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐑁𐐬𐐿𐐲𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐿𐑅 𐐲𐑅𐐬𐑅𐐨𐐩𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐲𐐺𐑉𐐲𐐹𐐻 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾.

𐐊𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐬𐑆 𐐹𐐪𐑆𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐑀𐑉𐐰𐐾𐐭𐐲𐑊 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾 𐐮𐑆 𐐮𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐻𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐲𐑅 𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑀𐑌𐐴𐑆 𐐺𐐬𐑃 𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐿𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐪𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐭𐑌𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐲𐑅𐐬𐑅𐐨𐐩𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐮𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐾𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐑉𐐨𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑋𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐽𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨𐐼𐐮𐑍. 𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐺𐐬𐑃 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐭𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐪𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐭𐑌𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑀𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐿𐑅, 𐑌𐐨𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐶𐐨 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐼𐐭 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑁𐐲𐐿𐐻𐑊𐐨, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐺𐐬𐑃 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐶𐐨 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐐼𐐭 𐐺𐐯𐐻𐐲𐑉, 𐐹𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑆 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐻𐐭𐑊𐑆 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑌𐐷𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂.

𐐙𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐓𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑅𐐯𐑆 𐑄𐐬𐑆 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑄𐐲 𐐺𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐐫𐑊𐐶𐐩𐑆 𐐶𐐮𐑌. 𐐝𐐻𐑉𐐮𐐿𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐹𐐨𐐿𐐮𐑍, 𐐸𐐨𐑆 𐑉𐐴𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐼𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑋𐐨𐑌 𐐶𐐨 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐑉𐐮𐑆𐐴𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑂𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐼𐐭𐐮𐑍 𐑌𐐲𐑃𐐮𐑍, 𐑉𐐮𐑁𐑉𐐩𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐷𐐭𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐭𐑊𐑆 𐐫𐑉 𐐹𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐶 𐐻𐐭 𐐷𐐭𐑅 𐑄𐐯𐑋?

𐐌 𐑅𐐲𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑂𐐮𐑆𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐼𐐪𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑆. 𐐐𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐹𐐩𐑆 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑋𐐩𐐿𐑅 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐯𐑅𐐻𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅. 𐐐𐐨 𐑋𐐴𐐻 𐐨𐑂𐐮𐑌 𐐯𐑌𐑀𐐩𐐾 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐼𐐮𐑀𐑉𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐻𐐲𐐶𐐫𐑉𐐼 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐸𐐨 𐐾𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐬𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐐲𐑉𐐮𐑉, 𐐯𐐻𐑅𐐯𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐲.

𐐆𐑌 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐼𐑆, 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐹𐑊𐐰𐑌𐑆 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐷𐐭𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐻𐐭𐑊𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐯𐑊𐐹 𐐸𐐮𐑋 𐐼𐐭 𐑄𐐰𐐻, 𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐲𐑅. 𐐜𐐰𐐻𐑅 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐹𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐻𐐭𐑊-𐐷𐐭𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐨𐑋 𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐑀𐐳𐐼 𐐶𐐩𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐻𐐮𐐹𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐐪𐐼𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑁𐐩𐑂𐐲𐑉. 𐐜𐐰𐐻 𐐼𐐲𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑋𐐨𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐮𐑊 𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐐶𐐻 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐐿𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑆 𐐸𐐨 𐐸𐐬𐐹𐑅. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐯𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐑇𐐩𐐹𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐼𐐲𐑆 𐑅𐐨𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐼𐐮𐑆𐐴𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑅𐐲𐐿𐐶𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑆.

𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐩𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐻𐑉𐐭, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐲𐑉𐐾𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐬, 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐯𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐐹𐑊𐐰𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐷𐐭𐑅 𐐮𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐾𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨. 𐐎𐐨 𐐶𐐳𐐼𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐿𐐯𐑉 𐑅𐐬 𐑋𐐲𐐽 𐐮𐑁 𐐶𐐨 𐑃𐐫𐐻 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑌𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐐨𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐴𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐫𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐴𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐎𐐨 𐐿𐐯𐑉 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐷𐐯𐐻 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐮𐑍𐑊𐐨 𐑇𐐩𐐹𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊.

𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐐𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐶𐐬𐐻, 𐐰𐑆 𐐺𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐌 𐐿𐐳𐐼 𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻 𐑃𐑉𐐭 𐑄𐐲 𐑊𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉:

“𐐎𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐶𐐮𐑉𐐼𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐊𐑅𐐬𐑅𐐨𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 [𐑊𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉]. 𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐑂𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐺𐐮𐑀. 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐨 𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐑄𐐲 𐐴𐐼𐐨𐐲 𐐲𐑂 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐐺𐐩𐑅𐐮𐐿𐑊𐐨. 𐐌𐑂 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐼, 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑌 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌-𐑊𐐰𐑌𐐼, 𐑄𐐯𐑉𐑆 𐐲 𐑊𐐪𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑅𐐴𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐑁𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑁𐐰𐑌𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐏𐐭𐐻𐐫. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐰𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑌 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑆 𐐾𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐴𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐑁𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 [𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐑊𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉].”

𐐈𐑆 𐐲 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑋𐐴𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑁, 𐐌 𐐰𐐿𐐽𐐭𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐲𐑀𐑉𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑌𐐻. 𐐌𐑋 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐹𐑊𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐹𐑉𐐴𐑆𐐼 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐨 𐐨𐑂𐐮𐑌 𐑌𐐭 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋, 𐑀𐐮𐑂𐐲𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐬𐑊𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑋𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐨 𐑅𐐨𐑋𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐨.

𐐗𐑉𐐴𐐫𐑌𐐮𐐿 𐐔𐐮𐑁𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐻𐐨𐑆

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐑉𐐴𐐫𐑌𐐮𐐿𐑅 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐺𐐨𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐪𐐹𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐿 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐺𐐬𐑃 𐑄𐐲 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐩𐐹𐐲𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑌𐑆. 𐐐𐐨𐑆 𐐲 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐮𐐿 𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐐫𐑊. 𐐎𐐯𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐐼𐐶𐐻, 𐐺𐐨 𐐰𐑆 𐐹𐐯𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐿 𐐰𐑆 𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊.

𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐐼, 𐑄𐐬, 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐨 𐐯𐑋𐑁𐐲𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐑉𐐨𐐲𐐻𐐰𐐽𐐮𐑍 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑆𐐲𐑉𐑂𐐼 𐐸𐐯𐐼𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑌𐐭 𐐺𐐪𐐼𐐨𐑆. 𐐜𐐰𐐻 𐑅𐐲𐐾𐐯𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐸𐐨 𐐼𐐲𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑂𐐩𐑊𐐮𐑍 𐑃𐐮𐑉𐐨𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐐸𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐷𐐭𐐻𐐮𐑊𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐿𐑉𐐴𐐫𐑌𐐮𐐿𐑅.

𐐐𐐨 𐑀𐐬𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐹𐐯𐑉 𐐿𐑉𐐴𐐫𐑌𐐮𐐿𐑅 𐐰𐐼𐑂𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑅𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐐑𐐰𐑅𐐿𐐰𐑊𐑅 𐐶𐐩𐐾𐐲𐑉 (𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐑋𐐹𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐐪𐐼𐐨𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐮𐑀𐐲𐐻𐐫𐑉𐐨 𐑉𐐮𐐽𐐭𐐲𐑊 𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑀𐑉𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐹𐐭𐑉 𐐑𐐰𐑅𐐿𐐰𐑊). 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨 𐐹𐐵𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼 𐐼𐐲𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐶𐐩. 𐐊𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐸𐐨𐑆 𐑉𐐴𐐻, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐸𐐨 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐐻 𐑉𐐮𐑆𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐿𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐺𐑉𐐫𐐼𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑆 𐐮𐑀𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑅𐐪𐑁𐐬𐑋𐐪𐑉𐐮𐐿 𐐪𐐺𐑆𐐲𐑉𐑂𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌.

𐐓𐐭 PZ’s 𐐿𐑉𐐯𐐼𐐲𐐻, 𐐸𐐨 𐑀𐐬𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐻𐐫𐐿 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐴𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐺𐐮𐐸𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐑉𐐴𐐫𐑌𐐮𐐿𐑅, 𐑇𐐬𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐑊𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑉𐑂𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐲𐐽𐐨𐑂𐐼. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐸𐐨 𐑁𐐮𐑌𐐮𐑇𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐲 𐑅𐐻𐐪𐑉𐐻𐑊𐐮𐑍𐑊𐐨 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑁𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐐼𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑄𐐰𐐻 “𐐮𐑁 𐐷𐐳𐑉 𐑁𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐐷𐐫𐑉 𐐸𐐯𐐼 𐑉𐐴𐐻 𐑌𐐶 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑄𐐲 21𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐻 𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐨, 𐐷𐐭 𐐪𐑉 𐐮𐑉𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐿𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐵𐐮𐑍 𐐫𐑊 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐷𐐫𐑉 𐐺𐑉𐐩𐑌, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐯𐑉𐑆 𐑌𐐬 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐐻𐑅 𐑀𐐬𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐯𐑋.” 𐐌 𐐶𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑁 𐑄𐐬𐑆 𐐤𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑃𐐫𐑊𐑆 𐐸𐐨 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐰𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑁𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐶𐐲𐐻 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐐩𐐹𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐮𐑍?

𐐆𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐗𐐷𐐳𐑉𐑆

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑋𐐭𐑂𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐿𐐶𐐮𐑂𐐲𐐿𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑍 (𐐫𐑊𐑉𐐯𐐼𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐑊𐐲𐑋𐐰𐐻𐐮𐐿) 𐐮𐑋𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑉𐐮𐐾𐐭𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐐𐐨 𐐹𐐵𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐶𐐻 𐑊𐐴𐑁 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐑀𐐬𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐐹 𐐹𐑉𐐴𐑋𐐯𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐶𐐨𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑂 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑊𐐴𐑂 𐑊𐐫𐑍 𐐮𐑌𐐲𐑁 𐐻𐐭 𐐼𐐴 𐐲𐑂 𐐩𐐾𐐮𐑍 – 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑂𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐫𐑉 𐐰𐐿𐑅𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅.

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑄𐐯𐑌 𐑅𐐯𐑆 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅, 𐐸𐐭 𐐸𐐬𐐹 𐐻𐐭 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑌𐐼 𐑊𐐴𐑁 𐐺𐐮𐐪𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐩𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐬𐑆𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐩𐐾𐐮𐑍, 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 Hayflick 𐐢𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻. 𐐎𐐨 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼, 𐐸𐐨 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋𐑆, 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐲 Hayflick 𐐢𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻 𐐮𐑆 𐑀𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐮𐐻 𐐸𐐯𐑊𐐹𐑅 𐐲𐑅 𐐲𐑂𐐵𐐼 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉. 𐐊𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐸𐐨𐑆 𐑉𐐫𐑍 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅, 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐭𐑋 𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑀𐑌𐐴𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐨𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐑄𐐲 Hayflick 𐐢𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉.

𐐑𐑉𐐲𐑆𐐭𐑋𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐨 𐑉𐐯𐐿𐐲𐑀𐑌𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐹𐐭𐑉 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐸𐐨 𐑀𐐬𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐻𐐫𐐿 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐸𐐶 𐐸𐐪𐑉𐐼 (𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊, 𐐮𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌) 𐐮𐐻 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐑂𐐵𐐼 𐐫𐑉 𐑉𐐮𐐹𐐯𐑉 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉. 𐐐𐐨𐑆 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐑉𐐴𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐮𐐻 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐻. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨 𐑋𐐩 𐐺𐐨 𐑉𐐴𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐐼𐐲𐑌 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐨 “𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊” 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻 𐑅𐐨𐑋𐑆 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐬𐑆 𐐶𐐨 𐐿𐐳𐐼 𐐼𐐭 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐑋𐐫𐑉 “𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊” 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉.

𐐌𐑋 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐰𐑌 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑁𐐨𐑊𐐼. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐌𐑊 𐐸𐐰𐐹𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐹𐐵𐑌𐐻 𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐼𐐭𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐑃𐐮𐑍 “𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊” 𐐷𐐭𐑈𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐻𐐪𐑉𐐻𐑅 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐭 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐴𐐼𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐮𐐻 𐑋𐐴𐐻 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐺𐐨 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐆𐑌 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐿𐐩𐑅, 𐑀𐐮𐑂𐐲𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐪𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐭𐑌𐐲𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐑅 𐐮𐑁 𐐶𐐨 𐐿𐐰𐑌 𐑁𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐲 𐐿𐐷𐐳𐑉 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐿𐐰𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐩𐐾𐐮𐑍, 𐐌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐺𐐨 𐑉𐐫𐑍 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐻𐑉𐐴.

𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨, 𐐪𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐸𐐰𐑌𐐼, 𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐮𐐿. 𐐜𐐰𐐻𐑅 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑃𐐮𐑍. 𐐌𐑋 𐐫𐑊 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐐷𐐭𐐻𐐮𐑊𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐼𐐶𐐻 𐐰𐑆 𐐲 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐹𐑊𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐻𐐭 𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐻, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐐰𐐿𐐽𐐭𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐐴𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑁𐐴𐐮𐑍 𐐰𐑆 𐐲 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐮𐐿 𐐮𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑅𐑊𐐨 𐑄𐐲 𐐪𐐹𐐲𐑆𐐲𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑋𐐴 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐲𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐎𐐴𐑊 𐐌𐐼 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐑉𐐴𐐻, 𐐌𐐼 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑅𐐹𐐴𐑉 𐐻𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐑋𐐲𐐽 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑊 𐐶𐐯𐑌 𐐪𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐺𐐮𐐪𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐺𐐶𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑋𐐴 𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾, 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐫𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐰𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑅𐐲𐐿𐐶𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐰𐑅𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌.

𐐑𐑉𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐊𐐹𐑊𐐬𐐼𐐮𐑍

𐐤𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻, 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐻𐐩𐐿𐑅 𐐲𐐹 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐲𐐺𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐲𐐹𐑊𐐬𐐼𐐮𐑍 – 𐑋𐐭𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐑋𐐴𐑌𐐼𐑆 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐺𐐴𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐺𐐪𐐼𐐨𐑆 𐐫𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐐺𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐩𐐻𐑅. 𐐐𐐨 𐑇𐐬𐑆 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑀𐑉𐐭𐐹𐑅 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐐼𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑊𐐴𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐲𐐽𐐨𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑆 𐐮𐐻 (𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐻𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨) 𐐹𐑉𐐴𐑋𐐯𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐨 𐑃𐑉𐐭 𐐲𐐹𐐨𐑊𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐲𐐿𐐷𐐭𐑊 𐑉𐐰𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑅.

𐐐𐐨 𐑄𐐯𐑌 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑆 𐐲 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉 𐑋𐐯𐑃𐐲𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐹𐐬𐑆𐐼 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑉𐐨𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐺𐑉𐐩𐑌 𐑁𐐲𐑍𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐴𐑆𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐐻 “𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐿 𐐪𐑌 𐐲 𐑂𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐑋𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐑅𐐮𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐐹𐑉𐐬𐐽.” 𐐎𐐴𐑊 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑉𐐲𐐻, 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐾𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐪𐐻.

𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐐹𐑊𐐩𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐮𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐭𐑂𐐮𐑍 (𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑋𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐑉𐐮𐑋𐐩𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐐿𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻) 𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐶 𐑄𐐲 𐐺𐑉𐐩𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐿𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐶 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐑁𐐲𐑍𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑋𐐩 𐐺𐐨 𐑉𐐯𐐹𐑊𐐮𐐿𐐩𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐐺𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐩𐐻𐑅. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐷𐐯𐐻, 𐐲𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅, 𐑌𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐲𐑅 𐑌𐐬𐑆 𐐮𐑌𐐲𐑁 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐨𐑆 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑅𐑁𐐴 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐫𐑉 𐐯𐑌𐐩𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐑊𐐭𐑅𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐴𐐹𐐪𐑃𐐲𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐼 𐐰𐐹𐑊𐐲𐐿𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆. 𐐒𐑉𐐩𐑌 𐑅𐐴𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑌𐐷𐐭𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑋𐐩𐐿 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐴𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐐼𐑂𐐰𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑆, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐯𐑅𐐻𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑌𐐷𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐲𐑊 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐽. 𐐎𐐨𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐹𐑉𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑆, 𐐶𐐯𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐨𐑉 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐮𐐿𐑅 𐐫𐑉 𐑌𐐪𐐻.

𐐝𐐮𐑍𐑀𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨 𐐡𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌

𐐙𐐴𐑌𐐲𐑊𐐨, 𐐸𐐨 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐯𐐿𐑌𐐲𐑊𐐪𐐾𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐝𐐮𐑍𐑀𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐨, 𐐹𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐡𐐩 𐐗𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐶𐐴𐑊. 𐐈𐑆 𐐷𐐭𐑈𐐲𐐶𐐲𐑊, 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐰𐑌 𐐲𐐹𐐨𐑊 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐲𐐿𐐷𐐭𐑊. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐿𐐶𐐴𐐻 𐑇𐐫𐑉𐐻: 𐐗𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐐹𐐮𐐿𐐻 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐫𐑉𐐮𐐿 𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐑇𐐬 𐐲 𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐾𐐯𐐿𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐨 𐐶𐐫𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐑇𐐬. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐸𐐨𐑆 𐑊𐐯𐑂𐑉𐐮𐐾𐐮𐑍 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑅 𐐹𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐴𐑋𐑆 – 𐑌𐐲𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐿𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐑄𐐰𐐻!

𐐑𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐼𐐭 𐐻𐐭 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐩𐑌𐐻𐑅, 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐐹𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐑋𐐲𐐽 𐐮𐑀𐑌𐐫𐑉𐑆 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐐼𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐗𐐲𐑉𐑆𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐐫𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑆. 𐐌 𐐸𐐰𐐹𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐨 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐝𐐮𐑍𐑀𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐯𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐯𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑊𐐴𐑌 𐑋𐐴𐑅𐐯𐑊𐑁. 𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐐌 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐶𐐨 𐑇𐐳𐐼 𐐺𐐨 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑂 𐐲𐑂 𐐮𐐻, 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐌 𐐶𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐐻𐐩𐐿 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐻𐐭 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐹𐑊𐐫𐑉 𐐸𐐨𐑉.

𐐝𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐨

𐐓𐐭 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐴𐑆, PZ’s 𐐪𐑉𐑀𐐷𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐓𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐐮𐑀𐑌𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑂 impossibilities 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐻𐐴𐑋𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐼𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑅. 𐐜𐐯𐑉𐑆 𐑌𐐲𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐑌𐐪𐑂𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐌 𐐶𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐲𐐻 𐐑𐐨𐑆𐐨 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐗𐑊𐐪𐑉𐐿𐑅 𐐙𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻 𐐢𐐫. 𐐣𐐩𐐺𐐨 𐐸𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑌 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑄𐐨𐑆 𐑅𐐿𐐯𐐹𐐻𐐮𐐿𐑅.