𐐐𐐭 𐐡𐐬𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊? 𐐐𐐭 𐐆𐑆 𐐡𐐴𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐐤𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐐎𐐲𐑌?

𐐈𐑆 𐐌 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑇𐐩𐐹 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐪𐑌𐑀𐐬𐐮𐑍 𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐭𐑇𐐲𐑌, 𐐌𐑋 𐐫𐑁𐐲𐑌 𐐼𐑉𐐫𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐑉𐐮𐑁𐑊𐐯𐐿𐐻 𐐪𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐫𐑉𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐩𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐮𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐑄𐐲 𐐫𐑉𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊. 𐐊 𐐿𐐲𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐑃𐐶𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐷𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐐲𐑀𐐬, 𐑄𐐩 𐑀𐐩𐑂 𐐺𐐲𐑉𐑃 𐐻𐐭 𐐗𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐽𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨, 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐺𐐮𐐿𐐩𐑋 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐮𐑌 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨.

𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐌 𐐫𐑁𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐯𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐑀𐐲𐑅 𐑋𐐴𐐻 𐐸𐐰𐐹𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉. 𐐊 𐑅𐑋𐐫𐑊 𐑀𐑉𐐭𐐹 𐐲𐑂 𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐷𐐭𐐲𐑅𐑊𐐨 𐑋𐐬𐐻𐐲𐑂𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐰𐑌 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑋𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑁𐐰𐐿𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑀𐐬𐑆 𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐲𐑉𐑂 𐐰𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑊𐐫𐑌𐐽𐐮𐑍 𐐹𐐵𐑌𐐻 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐲 𐑌𐐭 𐑅𐐭𐐹𐐲𐑉-𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐑉𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆. 𐐊𐑂 𐐿𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐌 𐐼𐐬𐑌𐐻 𐑌𐐬. 𐐒𐐲𐐻, 𐐶𐐯𐑌 𐐻𐑉𐐴𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐰𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐩𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉, 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐫𐑊𐐶𐐩𐑆 𐑀𐐳𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐑅𐐻𐐪𐑉𐐻 𐐺𐐴 𐐻𐐩𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐲 𐐸𐐪𐑉𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐑊𐐳𐐿 𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐐰𐑅𐐻.

𐐐𐐭 𐐡𐐬𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊?

𐐐𐐶 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐿𐐲𐑋 𐐻𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑄𐐲𐑉? 𐐐𐐭 𐑉𐐬𐐻 𐐮𐐻? 𐐓𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐲𐐾𐐯𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐑉𐐬𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑉𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊 - 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐫𐑉𐐲 𐐫𐑉 Pentateuch.

𐐒𐐲𐐻 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐐸𐐨 𐐼𐐮𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻. 𐐃𐑉 𐐰𐐻 𐑊𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐐸𐐨 𐐼𐐮𐐼𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑉𐐴𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐰𐑆 𐐶𐐨𐑂 𐑉𐐲𐑅𐐨𐑂𐐼 𐑄𐐯𐑋. 𐐙𐐫𐑉 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊, 𐑌𐐬𐐶𐐯𐑉 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐐼𐐲𐑆 𐐮𐐻 𐑅𐐩 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐫𐑃𐐲𐑉. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑉𐐯𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐮𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐪𐑉 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑃𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑌.

𐐜𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑊𐐴𐐿𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑌. 𐐙𐐫𐑉 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊, 𐑄𐐯𐑉𐑆 𐐰𐑌 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐼𐐯𐑃. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐻𐐩𐐻𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐸𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑋𐐰𐑌 𐐪𐑌 𐐊𐑉𐑃, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑉𐐬𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐑁𐐲𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐐆𐑆𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅.

𐐂𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐐸𐐰𐑌𐐼, 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐫𐑉𐐲 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐻 𐐺𐐴 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐐬𐑊𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑅. 𐐑𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐫𐑍𐑀𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐑌𐐰𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂 doublets 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐻𐑉𐐮𐐹𐑊𐐲𐐻𐑅. 𐐐𐐨𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊𐑆:

• 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐑉𐐨𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐁𐐺𐑉𐐲𐐸𐐰𐑋
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐑌𐐩𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐐌𐑆𐐲𐐿
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐁𐐺𐑉𐐲𐐸𐐰𐑋 𐐻𐐯𐑊𐐮𐑍 𐐲 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐲𐑌 𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐶𐐴𐑁 𐐮𐑆 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐑅𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑉
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐩𐐿𐐲𐐺𐑆 𐐾𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐐣𐐯𐑅𐐲𐐹𐐲𐐻𐐩𐑋𐐨𐐲
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐲 𐑉𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐖𐐩𐐿𐐲𐐺 𐐰𐐻 𐐒𐐯𐑃-𐐇𐑊
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐩𐐿𐐲𐐺𐑆 𐑌𐐩𐑋 𐐺𐐨𐐮𐑍 𐐽𐐩𐑌𐐾𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐆𐑆𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊
• 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐑀𐐯𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐶𐐫𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐲 𐑉𐐪𐐿.

𐐜𐐲 𐑅𐐻𐐴𐑊 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐽𐐵𐑅 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐑉 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 doublets. 𐐙𐐫𐑉 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊, 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐨𐐽 doublet 𐑋𐐩 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐭 𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐰𐑆 𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐯, 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐰𐑆 𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑋. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐯𐑉 𐐪𐑉 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑅𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐨𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐑄𐐲 doublets. 𐐜𐐩 𐑋𐐩 𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐫𐑉𐐼𐐲𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐑂 𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑌𐐻𐑅, 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐼𐐮𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑌𐐩𐑋𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐹𐐨𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐑊𐐩𐑅𐐲𐑆.

𐐝𐐬 𐐮𐑁 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐼𐐮𐐼𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐑉𐐴𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊, 𐐸𐐭 𐐼𐐮𐐼? 𐐆𐑌 𐑅𐐯𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑉 𐐺𐐮𐐺𐑊𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐼𐐨𐑆, 𐑄𐐲 𐐼𐐪𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻 𐐸𐐴𐐹𐐪𐑃𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅, 𐐫𐑉 𐐰𐐻 𐑊𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐶𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐸𐐰𐑆 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐺𐑉𐐫𐐼𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐼 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐯𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐸𐐴𐐹𐐪𐑃𐐲𐑅𐐨𐑆, 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐖𐐭𐑊𐐷𐐲𐑅 Wellhausen. 𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐑌𐐬𐑌 𐐰𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐔𐐪𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨 𐐐𐐴𐐹𐐪𐑃𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅.

𐐊𐐿𐐫𐑉𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐸𐐴𐐹𐐪𐑃𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅, 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐫𐑉𐐲 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐻 𐐺𐐴 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐮𐑍 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐬𐑊𐐼𐐲𐑉 𐐹𐑉𐐴𐑋𐐯𐑉𐐨 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑅, 𐑌𐐬𐑌 𐐰𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐮𐑅𐐻, 𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻, 𐐑𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆. 𐐒𐐮𐑊𐐬 𐐪𐑉 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐹𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆, 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐌𐑂 𐑅𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑉𐐴𐑆𐐼 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐡𐐮𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐙𐑉𐐨𐐼𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐺𐐳𐐿, 𐐐𐐭 𐐡𐐬𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊?.

𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐝𐐫𐑉𐑅

𐐣𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑄𐐲 𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑁𐐶𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐢𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑅 𐐫𐑉 𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨.

𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐮𐑆 𐐫𐑊𐐶𐐩𐑆 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐰𐑆 “𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐯.”

𐐐𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐑉𐐨𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐑉𐐨𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻 (𐐖𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅 2:4-25). 𐐜𐐲 𐑁𐑊𐐲𐐼 𐑊𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐨 𐐼𐐩𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐐻𐐨 𐑌𐐴𐐻𐑅 (𐐖𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅 7:17, 8:6, 8-13). 𐐆𐐻 𐐯𐑋𐑁𐐲𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐂𐑉𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐰𐐿𐐲𐑊. 𐐆𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐇𐑉𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐑉𐐴𐐺 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐲, 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐑉𐐴𐐺 𐐲𐑂 𐐀𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋.

𐐝𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐲𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐲 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 925-722 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨.

𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐝𐐫𐑉𐑅

𐐣𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑄𐐲 𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐮𐑆 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐑁𐐶𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐢𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑅, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐻𐐯𐑌 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐪𐑉 𐑁𐐶𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨.

𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐮𐑆 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐰𐑆 “𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑋” 𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐮𐑊 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑉𐐴𐑂𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅, 𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐮𐑆 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐰𐑆 “𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐯.”

𐐆𐐻 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐰𐐿𐐲𐑊, 𐐺𐐲𐐻 𐑌𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑉 𐑋𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐂𐑉𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻. 𐐆𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐑉𐐴𐐺 𐐲𐑂 𐐀𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋, 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐇𐑉𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐑉𐐴𐐺 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐲. 𐐆𐐻 𐑁𐐩𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐐲𐑊𐐮𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐆𐑆𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊, 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐐲𐐻𐐰𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑅 𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐰𐐺𐑊𐐮𐑇𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻.

𐐝𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐲𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐆𐑆𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 925-722 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨, 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐺𐐴 𐐲 Levitical 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐟𐐴𐑊𐐬.

𐐜𐐲 𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐑋𐐩 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐭𐑌 𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐆𐑆𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐐺𐐴 𐑄𐐲 𐐊𐑅𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐮𐑌 722 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨, 𐐶𐐯𐑌 𐑌𐐫𐑉𐑄𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐑉𐐯𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐾𐐨𐑆 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐐻𐐯𐑋𐐹𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐾𐐵𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐷𐐭𐑌𐐲𐐻𐐨.

𐐑𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐝𐐫𐑉𐑅

𐐜𐐲 𐐑𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑊𐐪𐑉𐐾𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐼𐐪𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑆 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐩𐑌 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐑁𐐫𐑉 1 𐐲𐑌𐐼 2 𐐗𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊𐑆. 𐐆𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑊𐐨𐑀𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐐯𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐩𐐻𐑅 𐐲 𐑀𐑉𐐩𐐻 𐐼𐐨𐑊 𐐪𐑌 𐑋𐐰𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐸𐐰𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐼𐐭 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐇𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐮𐐿 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑅. 𐐆𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐹𐑉𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐐫𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐢𐐲𐑂𐐮𐐻𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑅 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐯𐐹𐐻 𐐻𐐶𐐯𐑊𐑂 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐑃𐑉𐐨 𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨.

𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐮𐑆 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐰𐑆 “𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑋,” 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐫𐑉𐐻𐑉𐐩𐐼 𐐰𐑆 𐐲 𐐘𐐪𐐼 𐐲𐑂 𐐾𐐲𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑅 𐐶𐐮𐑃𐐶𐐻 𐐲 𐑅𐐮𐑍𐑀𐐲𐑊 𐑉𐐯𐑁𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐑋𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐨.

𐐐𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐑉𐐨𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐑊𐐰𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐑉𐐨𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐑌𐐻 (𐐖𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅 1:1-2:3). 𐐜𐐲 𐑁𐑊𐐲𐐼 𐑊𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐲 𐐷𐐮𐑉 (𐐖𐐯𐑌𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅 7:11, 13, 8:13-16). 𐐆𐐻 𐐯𐑋𐑁𐐲𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐰𐐿𐐲𐑊. 𐐆𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐇𐑉𐐲𐑌, 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅.

𐐆𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐐻𐐩𐑌𐑆 𐑌𐐬 𐐮𐑂𐐯𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑌𐑂𐐪𐑊𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐰𐑆 𐐩𐑌𐐾𐐲𐑊𐑆 𐐫𐑉 𐐻𐐫𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐰𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐲𐑊𐑆. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑅 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑋𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐗𐐮𐑍 Hezekiah, 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐐰𐑆 𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑇𐐲𐐹.

𐐝𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐲𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐐖𐐲𐑉𐐭𐑅𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑋 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 715-687 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨, 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐺𐐴 𐐰𐑌 𐐇𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐮𐐿 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐐼𐐳𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐩𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐗𐐮𐑍 Hezekiah.

𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐝𐐫𐑉𐑅

𐐜𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐮𐑆 𐑁𐐶𐑌𐐼 𐐬𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐑆 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐩𐑌 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐑌𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐮𐐿𐑅 𐐺𐐳𐐿𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊 (𐐖𐐪𐑇𐐭𐐲, 𐐖𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑆, 1 𐐲𐑌𐐼 2 𐐝𐐰𐑋𐐷𐐭𐑊, 1 𐐲𐑌𐐼 2 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐑆). 𐐆𐐻 𐐿𐐶𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐻𐐯𐑌𐑅𐐮𐑂𐑊𐐨 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐑𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐶𐐲𐑌𐑅.

𐐆𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐢𐐫 𐐗𐐬𐐼 (𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨 12-26), 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐐺𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐆𐑆𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 925-722 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨, 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐺𐐴 𐐲 Levitical 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐟𐐴𐑊𐐬. 𐐆𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐫𐑉𐐻 𐐐𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨 𐐲𐑂 𐐔𐐩𐑂𐐮𐐼. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐰𐑆 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐑁𐐯𐑉𐐶𐐯𐑊 𐑅𐐹𐐨𐐽 𐐺𐐮𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐐸𐐮𐑆 𐐼𐐯𐑃.

𐐆𐐻 𐐯𐑋𐑁𐐲𐑅𐐴𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐲 Davidic 𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻 (2 𐐝𐐰𐑋𐐷𐐭𐑊 7:16), 𐐶𐐴𐑊 𐐰𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐫𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐲 𐐣𐐬𐑆𐐩𐐮𐐿 𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻 (𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐨 31:16-18). 𐐆𐐻 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐬𐐻𐑅 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑅 𐑉𐐲𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑋𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐐗𐐮𐑍 𐐖𐐬𐑅𐐴𐐲, 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐐰𐑆 𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐮𐑆𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑇𐐲𐐹. 𐐆𐐻 𐐫𐑊𐑅𐐬 𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐬𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐇𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐮𐐿 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑅.

𐐜𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻 Hilkiah 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋𐐼 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐿𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌 622 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨 (2 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐑆 22:8, 2 𐐗𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐮𐐿𐐲𐑊𐑆 34:14-15). 𐐝𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑊𐐨 𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐲𐐻 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐐖𐐲𐑉𐐭𐑅𐐲𐑊𐐲𐑋 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 640-609 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨, 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐺𐐴 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐪𐑁𐐲𐐻 𐐖𐐯𐑉𐐲𐑋𐐴𐐲 𐐼𐐳𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐑉𐐩𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐗𐐮𐑍 𐐖𐐬𐑅𐐴𐐲, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐯𐐼𐐲𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐸𐐮𐑋 𐐰𐑁𐐻𐐲𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐐼𐐮𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐗𐐮𐑍𐐼𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑂 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐲 𐐮𐑌 587 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨.

𐐜𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑂𐐨𐐲𐑅𐑊𐐨 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐏𐐪𐐶𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐇𐑊𐐬𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆, 𐑄𐐲 𐐑𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐔𐐭𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑅𐐻 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐑋𐐩 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐑌 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐼𐐳𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐐯𐑀𐑆𐐴𐑊 𐐮𐑌 𐐒𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑊𐐪𐑌 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 587-458 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨, 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐸𐐰𐐹𐑅 𐐺𐐴 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐑉𐐨𐑅𐐻 𐐇𐑆𐑉𐐲. 𐐇𐑆𐑉𐐲 𐐲𐐹𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐼 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐒𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑊𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐲 𐐮𐑌 458 𐐒𐐨𐑅𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐓𐐫𐑉𐐲.

𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐐆𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐲𐑌𐑅

𐐆𐑌 𐑋𐐴 𐐲𐐹𐐮𐑌𐐷𐐲𐑌, 𐑄𐐲 𐐔𐐪𐐿𐐷𐐲𐑋𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨 𐐐𐐴𐐹𐐪𐑃𐐲𐑅𐐲𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐹𐐬𐑌𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐯𐑌𐐼 𐑌𐐪𐐻 𐐻𐐭 𐑀𐐮𐑂 𐐮𐑌𐐲𐑁 𐐲𐐻𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐲𐑌𐑅 𐐪𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊 – 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐹𐐪𐑅𐐲𐐺𐑊𐐨 𐐨𐑂𐐮𐑌 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐑁𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐲 𐐺𐐮𐐺𐑊𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻. 𐐈𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐐴𐑋 𐐇𐑆𐑉𐐲 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐼 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐒𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑊𐐪𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐲, 𐑄𐐲 𐐑𐐲𐑉𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐇𐑋𐐹𐐴𐐲𐑉 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼 𐑅𐐭𐐹𐐲𐑉𐐹𐐶𐐲𐑉. 𐐆𐐻 𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐲𐑂 50 𐑋𐐮𐑊𐐷𐐲𐑌 𐐹𐐨𐐹𐐲𐑊, 𐐫𐑉 44% 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼𐑆 𐐹𐐪𐐹𐐷𐐲𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐰𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐐻𐐴𐑋, 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐮𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐸𐐴𐐲𐑅𐐻 𐐹𐐲𐑉𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐲𐐾 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐑉𐐭𐑊𐐼 𐐺𐐴 𐐯𐑌𐐨 𐑅𐐮𐑍𐑀𐐲𐑊 𐐯𐑋𐐹𐐴𐐲𐑉 𐐮𐑌 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐲𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨. 𐐜𐐲 𐑅𐐻𐐩𐐻 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋.

𐐜𐐲 𐑉𐐨𐑊𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐩𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐮𐑆 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑇𐐲𐑊. 𐐐𐐶𐐯𐑂𐐲𐑉, 𐑄𐐲 𐐖𐐭𐐮𐑇 𐐆𐑌𐑅𐐴𐐿𐑊𐐲𐐹𐐨𐐼𐐨𐐲 𐐰𐐿𐑌𐐪𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐮𐑆 𐑉𐐨𐑆𐐯𐑋𐐺𐑊𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐐻𐐶𐐨𐑌 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐩𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋, 𐑅𐐲𐐾𐐯𐑅𐐻𐐮𐑍 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐪𐑆𐐲𐑆 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨𐑆 𐐪𐑉 𐐲𐑌𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑌. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑅𐐲𐑋 𐑅𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐑀𐐬 𐑅𐐬 𐑁𐐪𐑉 𐐰𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐐿𐑊𐐩𐑋 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐩𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋 𐐲𐑉𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐐮𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐿𐐪𐑋𐐺𐐲𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐝𐐲𐑋𐐮𐐻𐐮𐐿 𐑋𐐲𐑃𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐐼𐐪𐐿𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑌.

𐐤𐐰𐑉𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑂𐑆 𐐑𐐰𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐑𐑉𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐻

𐐆𐑌 𐐿𐐪𐑌𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐮𐑅 𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐹𐑊𐐲𐑉𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐑂 𐐺𐐮𐐺𐑊𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐐫𐑉𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑌𐑆, 𐐌 𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐮𐑍 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐑄𐐲 𐑁𐐷𐐭𐐽𐐲𐑉 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨. 𐐆𐑁 𐐲 𐑌𐐭 𐑅𐐭𐐹𐐲𐑉-𐐿𐐲𐑊𐐽𐐲𐑉𐐲𐑊 𐑁𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐐶𐐲𐑉 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐑉𐐴𐑆 𐐮𐑌 𐐲 𐐶𐐩 𐑄𐐰𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑌𐐰𐑊𐐲𐑀𐐲𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐲 𐐹𐐰𐑅𐐻, 𐐶𐐲𐐻 𐑋𐐴𐐻 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐫𐑉𐐲𐐾𐐮𐑌𐑆 𐑊𐐳𐐿 𐑊𐐴𐐿? 𐐣𐐴𐐻 𐐶𐐨 𐐴𐐼𐐯𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑁𐐴 𐐯𐑌𐐨𐑃𐐮𐑍 𐑊𐐴𐐿 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐻𐐲𐐼𐐩?

𐐈𐑆 𐐲 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌, 𐐌𐑋 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑋𐐲𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐲𐐿𐐶𐐩𐑌𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐲 𐑋𐐪𐐼𐐲𐑉𐑌 𐐮𐑀𐑆𐐰𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐐲𐑂 𐐲 𐑅𐑋𐐫𐑊 𐑀𐑉𐐭𐐹 𐐲𐑂 𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐯𐑌𐐷𐐭𐐲𐑅𐑊𐐨 𐑋𐐬𐐻𐐲𐑂𐐩𐐻𐐲𐐼 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐲𐑉𐑆 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐸𐐰𐑂 𐐺𐑉𐐫𐐻 𐐻𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑋𐐲𐑊𐐻𐐲𐐹𐐲𐑊 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐐹𐑉𐐲𐐼𐐭𐑅 𐐰𐑌 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐐲𐑉𐑋𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑁𐐰𐐿𐐻. 𐐊𐑋𐐲𐑍 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌𐑆, 𐐶𐐨 𐐿𐐫𐑊 𐑄𐐰𐐻 𐐪𐑉𐐻𐐲𐑁𐐰𐐿𐐻 𐑄𐐲 “𐐝𐐻𐐰𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉𐐼 𐐎𐐲𐑉𐐿𐑅,” 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐴𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐲𐑄𐐲𐑉 𐑅𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐹𐐽𐐲𐑉, 𐑅𐐲𐐽 𐐰𐑆 𐑄𐐲 𐐒𐐳𐐿 𐐲𐑂 𐐣𐐫𐑉𐑋𐐲𐑌, 𐐶𐐮𐐽 𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑊𐐭𐐼𐑆 𐐺𐐮𐐺𐑊𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑊 𐑅𐐫𐑉𐑅 𐑋𐐲𐐻𐐮𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐲𐐻𐑊𐐨 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐶𐐬𐑂𐐲𐑌 𐑃𐑉𐐭𐐶𐐻 𐐮𐐻𐑅 𐐬𐑌 𐐻𐐯𐐿𐑅𐐻. 𐐝𐐬 𐐌 𐐶𐐲𐑌𐐼𐐲𐑉, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑋𐐮𐑃𐑅 𐐫𐑉 𐑂𐐮𐑈𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐻𐐨𐑆 𐑋𐐨, 𐐼𐐯𐑉𐐮𐑍 𐑋𐐨 𐐻𐐭 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿 𐑄𐐯𐑋 𐑋𐐫𐑉 𐑄𐐰𐑌 𐑁𐐮𐐿𐑇𐐲𐑌.

𐐓𐐭 𐑃𐐶𐑆𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑁𐐴𐑂 𐐸𐐲𐑌𐐼𐑉𐐲𐐼 𐐷𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐐲𐑀𐐬, 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐮𐑂𐐪𐑊𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐐲 𐑌𐐭 𐐶𐐩 𐐲𐑂 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐮𐑍, 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐐹𐐪𐑉𐐻 𐐺𐐴 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐐶𐐩 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐹𐐪𐑊𐐨𐑃𐐨𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐞𐐰𐑉𐐲𐑃𐐭𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑅 𐐻𐐨𐐽𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐸𐐰𐐼 𐑅𐐹𐑉𐐯𐐼 𐑃𐑉𐐭𐐶𐐻 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐮𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐴𐑆𐐼 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐑𐐲𐑉𐑈𐐲𐑌 𐐇𐑋𐐹𐐴𐐲𐑉 𐑀𐐲𐑂𐐲𐑉𐑌𐐼 𐑌𐐮𐑉𐑊𐐨 𐐸𐐰𐑁 𐐲𐑂 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨.

𐐆𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐸𐐪𐑉𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐐯𐑋𐐹𐐴𐐲𐑉, 𐐲 𐑅𐑋𐐫𐑊 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑄𐐲𐑉. 𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐐰𐐼𐐸𐐮𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐞𐐫𐑉𐐬𐐰𐑅𐐻𐑉𐐨𐐲𐑌 𐐼𐐪𐐿𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑋𐐲𐑃𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐐼𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌𐐲𐑅 𐐝𐐯𐑋𐐴𐐻𐑅 𐐻𐐭 𐑋𐐩𐐿 𐑌𐐭 𐑅𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐹𐐽𐐲𐑉. 𐐜𐐩 𐐹𐐴𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑉𐐼 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐒𐐰𐐺𐐲𐑊𐐪𐑌, 𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐰𐐺𐑊𐐮𐑇𐐻 𐐲 𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑌𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐐖𐐭𐐼𐐨𐐲, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐺𐐮𐑀𐐰𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐼 𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊. 𐐆𐑌 𐐻𐐴𐑋, 𐑄𐐩 𐐶𐐳𐐼 𐑅𐐮𐑌𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐻𐐴𐑆 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐐘𐑉𐐨𐐿 𐑁𐐲𐑊𐐪𐑅𐐲𐑁𐐨, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐑀𐐮𐑂 𐐺𐐲𐑉𐑃 𐐻𐐭 𐑄𐐲 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐯𐑌𐑇𐐲𐑊 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐐮𐑌 𐐸𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐲𐑉𐐨: 𐐗𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐽𐐨𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨.

𐐓𐐭 𐐸𐐲𐑌𐐼𐑉𐐲𐐼 𐐷𐐮𐑉𐑆 𐐲𐑀𐐬, 𐐸𐐷𐐭𐑋𐐰𐑌𐐮𐐻𐐨 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑌 𐐮𐑂𐐪𐑊𐑂𐐮𐑍 𐐮𐑌𐐻𐐭 𐐲 𐑌𐐭 𐐶𐐩 𐐲𐑂 𐑃𐐮𐑍𐐿𐐮𐑍, 𐐮𐐿𐑅𐐹𐑉𐐯𐑅𐐻 𐐮𐑌 𐐹𐐪𐑉𐐻 𐐺𐐴 𐐻𐑉𐐰𐑌𐑆𐐮𐑇𐐲𐑌 𐐲𐐶𐐩 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐑋𐐪𐑌𐐲𐑃𐐨𐐮𐑆𐐲𐑋. 𐐖𐐨𐑆𐐲𐑅 𐐻𐐨𐐽𐐮𐑍𐑆 𐐸𐐰𐐼 𐑅𐐹𐑉𐐯𐐼 𐑃𐑉𐐭𐐶𐐻 𐑋𐐬𐑅𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑅𐐮𐑂𐐲𐑊𐐴𐑆𐐼 𐐶𐐲𐑉𐑊𐐼. 𐐊𐑌𐐼 𐑄𐐲 𐐏𐐭𐑌𐐴𐐻𐐮𐐼 𐐝𐐻𐐩𐐻𐑅 𐐲𐑂 𐐊𐑋𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐲 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐲𐑅𐐯𐑌𐐼𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐭 𐐲𐑌𐐹𐐯𐑉𐐲𐑊𐐯𐑊𐐼 𐑀𐑊𐐬𐐺𐐲𐑊 𐐮𐑌𐑁𐑊𐐭𐐲𐑌𐑅.

𐐆𐑌 𐑄𐐲 𐐸𐐪𐑉𐐻 𐐲𐑂 𐑄𐐲 𐑌𐐩𐑇𐐲𐑌, 𐐲 𐑅𐑋𐐫𐑊 𐑉𐐮𐑊𐐮𐐾𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐪𐑆 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐮𐑍 𐐻𐐲𐑀𐐯𐑄𐐲𐑉. 𐐆𐐻𐑅 𐐰𐐼𐐸𐐮𐑉𐐲𐑌𐐻𐑅 𐐿𐐲𐑋𐐺𐐴𐑌𐐼 𐐗𐑉𐐮𐑅𐐽𐐲𐑌 𐐼𐐪𐐿𐐻𐑉𐐲𐑌 𐐶𐐮𐑄 𐑋𐐲𐑃𐐪𐑊𐐲𐐾𐐨 𐐲𐐺𐐶𐐻 𐐤𐐩𐐻𐐮𐑂 𐐊𐑋𐐯𐑉𐐲𐐿𐐲𐑌𐑆 𐐻𐐭 𐑋𐐩𐐿 𐑌𐐭 𐑅𐐿𐑉𐐮𐐹𐐽𐐲𐑉. 𐐜𐐩 𐐹𐐴𐐲𐑌𐐮𐑉𐐼 𐑁𐑉𐐲𐑋 𐐆𐑊𐐲𐑌𐐵, 𐐮𐑅𐐻𐐰𐐺𐑊𐐮𐑇𐐻 𐐲 𐐿𐐪𐑊𐐲𐑌𐐨 𐐮𐑌 𐐔𐐯𐑅𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐻, 𐐲𐑌𐐼 𐐺𐐮𐑀𐐰𐑌 𐐻𐐭 𐐺𐐮𐑊𐐼 𐐲 𐐻𐐯𐑋𐐹𐐲𐑊. 𐐆𐑌 𐐻𐐴𐑋 …